{"id":380,"date":"2024-01-25T15:18:51","date_gmt":"2024-01-25T15:18:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fcjk.me\/?page_id=380"},"modified":"2024-04-11T12:00:45","modified_gmt":"2024-04-11T12:00:45","slug":"o-knjizevnosti","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fcjk.me\/en\/o-knjizevnosti\/","title":{"rendered":"About literature"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fcjk-padding-small\"><\/div>\r\n\n\n<section class=\"clipped-img-right\">\r\n    <div class=\"main-wrapper\">\r\n        <div class=\"clipped-img-right-wrapper\">\r\n            <div class=\"clipped-img-right-wrapper-img\">\r\n                                <div class=\"img-wrapper clip-img-left\">\r\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fcjk.me\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ljetopis.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"img-center\">\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n            <!-- \/.clipped-img-right-wrapper-img -->\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"clipped-img-right-wrapper-content\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"text-wrapper text-overflow-hide\">\r\n                                                            <h2 class=\"title text-align-left\">\r\n                        About                        <span class=\"color-red\">literature<\/span>\r\n                                            <\/h2>\r\n                                        <p>Prvi tragovi pismenosti na crnogorskom podru\u010dju poti\u010du iz ranoga srednjeg vijeka. Crnogorska je pismenost, a potom knji\u017eevnost i uop\u0161te kulturna djelatnost, uslovljena specifi\u010dnim okolnostima homogenizacije te male etni\u010dke zajednice, njezina razvoja i izgradnje modernoga dru\u0161tva na zaokru\u017eenom prostoru. Premda korijeni crnogorske kulture i identiteta se\u017eu u dukljansko i zetsko razdoblje, interkulturalna participacija u tom je krugu sve do najnovijeg doba temeljni odnos. Knji\u017eevne tradicije crnogorskoga prostora stoga bitno odre\u0111uju crnogorsku knji\u017eevnost.<\/p>\n                                            <span class=\"show-more text-bold color-charcoal\">Pro\u0161iri tekst<\/span>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                <!-- \/.text-wrapper -->\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n            <!-- \/.clipped-img-right-wrapper-content -->\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <!-- \/.clipped-img-right-wrapper -->\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <!-- \/.main-wrapper -->\r\n<\/section>\r\n<!-- \/.clipped-img-right -->\n\n    <div class=\"fcjk-padding-small\"><\/div>\r\n\n\n<section class=\"clipped-img-right-full  reverse bg-red\">\r\n    <div class=\"main-wrapper\">\r\n        <div class=\"clipped-img-right-full-content\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"text-wrapper text-overflow-hide\">\r\n                    <p class=\"color-white\">Pretpostavlja se da su u Duklji od IX vijeka bila u upotrebi \u010dak \u010detiri pisma (latinica, glagoljica, \u0107irilica i gr\u010dko pismo). Ne samo primorski djelovi, nego cio crnogorski prostor bio je tada preko Dukljansko-barske nadbiskupije pod sna\u017enim uticajem Zapadnoga kruga. Tragovi dukljanske pismenosti sa\u010duvani su na nekoliko darovateljskih i nadgrobnih natpisa na latinskome jeziku, a va\u017eniji knji\u017eevni spomenik je Andreacijeva povelja s po\u010detka IX vijeka; ne\u0161to su mla\u0111i Barski epitafi, pisani u leoninskim heksametrima koji, dokumentuju visoke kulturne domete sredine. Iz Krajine je legenda o Vladimiru i Kosari, koju je hagiografski obradio nepoznati Ze\u0107anin, a fragmentarno je sadr\u017eana u XXXVI glavi hronike Kraljevstvo Slovena Popa Dukljanina (Ljetopisa Popa Dukljanina), \u0161to se, prema nekim pretpostavkama, tako\u0111e ve\u017ee za Barski krug. Vladimirova hagiografija nastala je vjerovatno odmah nakon njegove smrti 1016. godine, ali kako je obra\u0111ivala \u017eivot dukljanskog mu\u010denika, nije uticala na \u017eitija \u0161to su se pod Nemanji\u0107ima prepisivala u Zeti. Najzna\u010dajniji spomenik dukljanskoga perioda je hronika Kraljevstvo Slovena anonimnog sve\u0161tenika Dukljansko-barske nadbiskupije, nastala u tre\u0107oj \u010detvrtini XII vijeka. Premda u nauci ne postoji saglasnost oko brojnih pitanja vezanih za ovaj dragocjeni spis, mo\u017ee se sa velikom vjerovatno\u0107om pretpostaviti da je latinska verzija hronike, koja nam se sa\u010duvala u znatno poznijim prijepisima, zapravo prijevod slovenskoga originala, nastalog s ciljem odbrane ugro\u017eenog suvereniteta dukljanske dr\u017eave i crkve. Lokrumske povelje dukljanskih kraljeva XI i XII vijeka, kao i korespondencija sa Vatikanom, koju posvjedo\u010duju i papske bule, svjedo\u010danstvo su postojanja razvijene dvorske kancelarije pri dvoru dukljanskih kraljeva iz vladarske familije Vojislavljevi\u0107a.<\/p>\r\n                                            <span class=\"show-more text-bold color-white\">Pro\u0161iri tekst<\/span>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                <!-- \/.text-wrapper -->\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n        <!-- \/.clipped-img-right-full-content -->\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <!-- \/.main-wrapper -->\r\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fcjk.me\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Oktoih-petoglasnik.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"img-center clipped-img-right-full-img\">\r\n            <!-- \/.clipped-img-right-full-img -->\r\n        <\/section>\r\n<!-- \/.clipped-img-right-full -->\n\n    <div class=\"fcjk-padding-medium\"><\/div>\r\n\n\n<section class=\"fcjk-quote\">\r\n    <div class=\"main-wrapper\">\r\n        <div class=\"fcjk-quote-wrapper\">\r\n\r\n            \r\n                        <div\r\n                class=\"fcjk-quote-wrapper-intro\">\r\n                <p>Kada je dukljansko-zetska dr\u017eava izgubila samostalnost i potpala pod Ra\u0161ku, Nemanji\u0107i su nastojali suzbiti \u0161irenje ne samo Vladimirova kulta, nego i druge elemente lokalne tradicije poput bogumilstva, pa se pretpostavlja da su i mnogi pisani spomenici tada uni\u0161teni. Zasebnost zetske tradicije dokumentuje Miroslavljevo jevan\u0111elje s kraja XII stolje\u0107a, \u0161to ga je za crkvu u Bijelome Polju prepisao pisar Varsameleons naknadnim (nevelikim) dopunama Grigorija Dijaka. Za zetskog episkopa Neofita prire\u0111en je crkveno-pravni zbornik Ilovi\u010dka krm\u010dija (1262). Iako je na temelju sa\u010duvane gra\u0111e te\u0161ko rekonstruisati prave razmjere djelatnosti zetskih skriptorija u XIII i XIV stolje\u0107u, ta je djelatnost bila, \u010dini se, gotovo isklju\u010divo prepisiva\u010dka, s te\u017enjom pravoslavne crkve da \u017eitijima vladara u\u010dvrsti srpski kult i dr\u017eavni okvir.<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\r\n            <!-- \/.fcjk-quote-wrapper-intro -->\r\n                                    <div\r\n                class=\"fcjk-quote-wrapper-quote\">\r\n                                <p class=\"quote\">\r\n                    U Vraki kod Skadra krajem XIX vijeka je tako na\u0111en Zbornik popa Vasilija zvanog Dragolja iz druge polovine XIII vijeka, s preradom traktata protiv bogumila i apokrifnim tekstovima.                 <\/p>\r\n                <!-- \/.quote -->\r\n                                                <p>Prepisivanje crkvenih knjiga nastavljeno je u Zeti i pod Bal\u0161i\u0107ima, a osobito se vrijednim smatra Gori\u010dki zbornik (1441-42), s korespondencijom Jelene Bal\u0161i\u0107 i Nikona Jerusalimca, staroga duhovnika sa ostrva na Skadarskom jezeru, lirski i misaono obrazlo\u017eena askeza u duhu vizantijske knji\u017eevne tradicije.<\/p>\n                                            <\/div>\r\n            <!-- \/.fcjk-quote-wrapper-quote -->\r\n            \r\n                        <div\r\n                class=\"fcjk-quote-wrapper-otro text-overflow-hide\">\r\n                <p>Zasebnim je dijelom te cjeline Nikonov sa\u017eet, slikovit putopis Povijest o jerusalimskim crkvama. Na Cetinju je djelovala 1493-96. \u0107irili\u010dna \u0161tamparija koju je utemeljio \u0110ura\u0111 Crnojevi\u0107. Sve knjige iz \u0161tamparije Crnojevi\u0107a \u0161tamparsko su djelo jeromonaha Makarije\u201eod Crne Gore\u201c, a najpoznatija je (uz 4 druge) inkunabula Oktoih prvoglasnik, datirana 4. I 1494. godine.<\/p>\n                                <span class=\"show-more text-bold color-charcoal\">Pro\u0161iri tekst<\/span>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n            <!-- \/.fcjk-quote-wrapper-otro -->\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n        <!-- \/.fcjk-quote-wrapper -->\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <!-- \/.main-wrapper -->\r\n<\/section>\r\n<!-- \/.fcjk-quote -->\n\n    <div class=\"fcjk-padding-medium\"><\/div>\r\n\n\n<section class=\"fcjk-left-image-gradient reverse\">\r\n    <div class=\"main-wrapper\">\r\n        <div class=\"fcjk-left-image-gradient-wrapper\">\r\n            <div class=\"overlay-charcoal\"><\/div>\r\n            \r\n            <div class=\"fcjk-left-image-gradient-wrapper-text\">\r\n                                \r\n                                    <div class=\"text-wrapper text-overflow-hide\">\r\n                        <p class=\"color-white\">Kao \u0161to je u Crnojevi\u0107a rano bio razvijen sluh za talijanske podsticaje u arhitekturi i \u0161tamparskoj vje\u0161tini, iskustvo humanizma i renesanse te docnije baroka za crnogorsku kulturu bilo je gotovo direktno. Presudna je u tome smislu bila uloga Kotora i drugih, manjih, ali jednako tako knji\u017eevno razvijenih sredina u Boki (Perast, Pr\u010danj, Budva, Dobrota). Nastala u dru\u0161tvenim uslovima mleta\u010dke (venecijanske) dominacije, ta je knji\u017eevna produkcija u tematskome i stilskom te jezi\u010dkome smislu, crnogorskom, talijanskom i latinskom izrazu, organski dio crnogorske knji\u017eevnosti, ali i svjedo\u010danstvo kulturnih dodira sa razvijenim zapadnoevropskim knji\u017eevnim sredinama. Najizrazitiji predstavnici bokotorskoga renesansnog kruga su kotorski pjesnici \u0110or\u0111e Bizanti, Ljudevit Paskovi\u0107 i Ivan Bona. Barokne tendencije javljaju se u Boki Kotorskoj tokom XVII vijeka a ova stilska formacija unije\u0107e i bitnu novinu u odnosu na period renesansne knji\u017eevnosti \u2013 pored knji\u017eevnosti na talijanskome i latinskom jeziku, naime, javljaju se i pisci koji pi\u0161u na narodnom, crnogorskom jeziku. U ovoj epohi njeguje se prigodna poezija (epska i lirska), prepisuju se i brojna crkvena prikazanja, \u010diji korijeni se\u017eu u period srednjega vijeka, a nastaju i djela hroni\u010darskog, istoriografskog karaktera. Najzna\u010dajniji pisci baroka su \u017divo Bolica, Andrija Zmajevi\u0107, Krsto Ivanovi\u0107 te Ivan Antun Nenadi\u0107. Odjeke prosvjetiteljstva i racionalizma srije\u0107emo krajem XIX vijeka posebno u djelima Stefana Zanovi\u0107a, autora prvog romana u crnogorskoj knji\u017eevnosti (Turska pisma, 1776) i, ne\u0161to poznije, u poslanicama Petra I Petrovi\u0107a Njego\u0161a.<\/p>\r\n                                                    <span class=\"show-more text-bold color-white\">Pro\u0161iri tekst<\/span>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                    <!-- \/.text-wrapper -->\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n            <!-- \/.fcjk-left-image-gradient-wrapper-text -->\r\n            <div class=\"fcjk-left-image-gradient-wrapper-img\">\r\n                <div class=\"overlay-gradient-charcoal-left\"><\/div>\r\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fcjk.me\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/800px-Stefano_Zannowich.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"img-center\">\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n            <!-- \/.fcjk-left-image-gradient-wrapper-img -->\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <!-- \/.main-wrapper -->\r\n<\/section>\r\n<!-- \/.fcjk-left-image-gradient -->\r\n\n\n    <div class=\"fcjk-padding-medium\"><\/div>\r\n\n\n\n\n    <div class=\"fcjk-padding-medium\"><\/div>\r\n\n\n<section class=\"fcjk-highlighted-text\">\r\n    <div class=\"main-wrapper\">\r\n        <div class=\"fcjk-highlighted-text-wrapper\">\r\n           <div class=\"fcjk-highlighted-text-wrapper-text\">\r\n                <div class=\"text-wrapper text-overflow-hide\">\r\n                                            <p>Po\u010detkom XIX stolje\u0107a knji\u017eevni \u017eivot u Crnoj Gori po\u010dinje dobijati organizovane oblike. Osnovana je \u0161tamparija 1834. godine. Ve\u0107 1835. pokrenut je kalendar Grlica s knji\u017eevnim prilozima, a izlaze i knjige. Kulturna predaja postupno postaje povijesnom \u010dinjenicom sa sna\u017enim upori\u0161tem u narodnome, usmenom pjesni\u0161tvu. To je do\u0161lo do izra\u017eaja u Pjevaniji crnogorskoj i hercegova\u010dkoj (1833) Sime M. Sarajlijei desetera\u010dkim pjesmama o crnogorskim bojevima i junacima Petra I Petrovi\u0107a Njego\u0161a(Pou\u010denje u stihovima), \u010dija je Kratka istorija Crne Gore iza\u0161la posmrtno u Grlici 1835. Uz rodoljubno i misaono pjesni\u0161tvo (epika, spjevovi, himne), njegovala se i ljubavna i didakti\u010dka lirika. Na granici su knji\u017eevnog teksta \u010desto i rukopisne poslanice, tradicionalni i specifi\u010dni oblik komunikacije crnogorskih vladara s narodom. Punu, autorsku vrijednost desetera\u010dkog stiha i naslije\u0111ene duhovne koncepcije postigao je u spjevu Lu\u010da mikrokozma (1845) i osobito u dramskom spjevu Gorski vijenac (1847) Petar II Petrovi\u0107 Njego\u0161.<\/p>\n                                                                <span class=\"show-more text-bold color-charcoal\">Pro\u0161iri tekst<\/span>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n           <\/div>\r\n           <!-- \/.fcjk-highlighted-text-wrapper-text --> \r\n\r\n           <div class=\"fcjk-highlighted-text-wrapper-img\">\r\n               <div class=\"img-wrapper\" data-aos=\"fade-right\" data-aos-easing=\"linear\" data-aos-duration=\"1200\">\r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fcjk.me\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Petar_II_Petrovic-Njegos.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"img-center\">\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n           <\/div>\r\n           <!-- \/.fcjk-highlighted-text-wrapper-img --> \r\n\r\n           <div class=\"fcjk-highlighted-text-wrapper-highlight\">\r\n               <div class=\"highlight-wrapper\">\r\n                                            <p class=\"text-highlight\">Gnomi\u010dnost i anga\u017eovanost Njego\u0161eve imaginativne projekcije daleko nadilaze pretpostavke i mogu\u0107nosti tada\u0161nje crnogorske sredine pa otada nadalje zna\u010de kanonski, kriterijski prag nacionalne kulture. Na pozadini romanti\u010darske slike svijeta, Njego\u0161ev se jezik u drami La\u017eni car \u0160\u0107epan Mali (1851) pribli\u017eio razgovornim oblicima, pa i u standardnojezi\u010dkom pogledu crnogorska knji\u017eevnost po\u010dinje pokazivati originalnu poziciju u odnosu na srodne idiome u dodiru, srpski i hrvatski. <\/p>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n           <\/div>\r\n           <!-- \/.fcjk-highlighted-text-wrapper-highlight --> \r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <!-- \/.fcjk-highlighted-text-wrapper -->\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <!-- \/.main-wrapper -->\r\n<\/section>\r\n<!-- \/.fcjk-highlighted-text -->\n\n    <div class=\"fcjk-padding-medium\"><\/div>\r\n\n\n<section class=\"fcjk-highlighted-text reverse\">\r\n    <div class=\"main-wrapper\">\r\n        <div class=\"fcjk-highlighted-text-wrapper\">\r\n           <div class=\"fcjk-highlighted-text-wrapper-text\">\r\n                <div class=\"text-wrapper text-overflow-hide\">\r\n                                            <p>Romanti\u010darska je koncepcija dosljednije provedena u pjesmama Stevana Perovi\u0107a Cuce, ali je najplodniji liri\u010dar tradicionalni, himni\u010dni pjesnik Jovan Sunde\u010di\u0107, pokreta\u010d prvih knji\u017eevnih \u010dasopisa (Orli\u0107, Crnogorka). U tim i u drugim \u010dasopisima (Crnogorac, Lu\u010da, Knji\u017eevni list) u drugoj polovini XIX stolje\u0107a po\u010dinju se razvijati problemski aspekti crnogorske kulturne zasebnosti, na temelju eti\u010dkih vrijednosti sadr\u017eanih u kategoriji \u010dojstva, te posebnosti dru\u0161tvenog razvoja. Crnogorski vladar Nikola I Petrovi\u0107 dominirao je cijelim razdobljem, podre\u0111uju\u0107i svoja nemala literarna nastojanja (pjesme, drame, dnevni\u010dkomemoarska proza) politi\u010dkom pragmatizmu. Najpoznatija mu je pjesma Onamo onamo, a najve\u0107u je popularnost stekla romanti\u010darska drama Balkanska carica (1854), koja istorijski srednjovjekovni si\u017ee projicira u suvremeni dr\u017eavotvorni koncept. Zbog Nikolinih ambicija, pozori\u0161te, pa i knji\u017eevna djelatnost uop\u0161te, dobijali su donekle privilegovan polo\u017eaj s obzirom na realne mogu\u0107nosti crnogorskog dru\u0161tva. <\/p>\n                                                                <span class=\"show-more text-bold color-charcoal\">Pro\u0161iri tekst<\/span>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n           <\/div>\r\n           <!-- \/.fcjk-highlighted-text-wrapper-text --> \r\n\r\n           <div class=\"fcjk-highlighted-text-wrapper-img\">\r\n               <div class=\"img-wrapper\" data-aos=\"fade-left\" data-aos-easing=\"linear\" data-aos-duration=\"1200\">\r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fcjk.me\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Nicholas_I_of_Montenegro.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"img-center\">\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n           <\/div>\r\n           <!-- \/.fcjk-highlighted-text-wrapper-img --> \r\n\r\n           <div class=\"fcjk-highlighted-text-wrapper-highlight\">\r\n               <div class=\"highlight-wrapper\">\r\n                                            <p class=\"text-highlight\">Kulturni entuzijazam bio je tada za Crnogorce isto \u0161to i borba za samobitnost, pa iako uglavnom nema znatnijih pojedina\u010dnih dosega, pjesni\u0161tvo i osobito novelistika (narativna knji\u017eevnost), ali i kritika (Lazar Tomanovi\u0107) dobijaju zamah.<\/p>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n           <\/div>\r\n           <!-- \/.fcjk-highlighted-text-wrapper-highlight --> \r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <!-- \/.fcjk-highlighted-text-wrapper -->\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <!-- \/.main-wrapper -->\r\n<\/section>\r\n<!-- \/.fcjk-highlighted-text -->\n\n    <div class=\"fcjk-padding-medium\"><\/div>\r\n\n\n<section class=\"fcjk-left-image-gradient\">\r\n    <div class=\"main-wrapper\">\r\n        <div class=\"fcjk-left-image-gradient-wrapper\">\r\n            <div class=\"overlay-red\"><\/div>\r\n            \r\n            <div class=\"fcjk-left-image-gradient-wrapper-text\">\r\n                                \r\n                                    <div class=\"text-wrapper text-overflow-hide\">\r\n                        <p class=\"color-white\">U dotad osrednjoj \u0161irini knji\u017eevnoga rada izdvajaju se dva \u010dvrsta opusa, Stefana Mitrova Ljubi\u0161e i Marka Miljanova Popovi\u0107a. Ljubi\u0161ine zbirke Pripovijesti crnogorske i primorske (1875) i Pri\u010danja Vuka Doj\u010devi\u0107a (1879), te djela Marka Miljanova Primjeri \u010dojstva i juna\u0161tva (1901) i Pleme Ku\u010di u narodnoj pri\u010di i pjesmi, \u010dine duhovni most od Njego\u0161a prema modernisti\u010dkim tra\u017eenjima i vidicima. No upravo tada dolazi do paradoksalnog obrta, jer gubitkom dr\u017eavnoga okvira 1918. zapo\u010dinje svojevrsna, otvorena ili posredna denacionalizacija crnogorske kulture. Crna Gora, osim toga, za najbolje crnogorske pisce prestaje biti neposredni \u017eivotni prostor, oni se prema logici dru\u0161tvene situacije afirmi\u0161u na \u0161irem planu, a Beograd preuzima sredi\u0161nju poziciju njihova \u015bedi\u0161ta, \u010dak i onda kada zavi\u010daj njeguju kao duhovni, psiholo\u0161ki i semanti\u010dki klju\u010d vlastite posebnosti. Tako je i \u010dasopis Lov\u0107enski odjek, koji se pojavio tek 1925. godine, bio pod trajnim pritiskom zbog \u201edijalektalne\u201c razlikovnosti. Dominantni, odre\u0111uju\u0107i polo\u017eaj srpskog kulturnog kruga u bitnome se nije promijenio ni nakon revolucionarnog prevrata \u010detrdesetih godina XX vijeka kada je Crna Gora vratila dr\u017eavnost, a njezina kultura stekla razvijenu organizacijsku strukturu modernoga dru\u0161tva s institucijama, visokim \u0161kolama, bibliotekama, izdava\u0161tvom, novinama i \u010dasopisima.<\/p>\r\n                                                    <span class=\"show-more text-bold color-white\">Pro\u0161iri tekst<\/span>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                    <!-- \/.text-wrapper -->\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n            <!-- \/.fcjk-left-image-gradient-wrapper-text -->\r\n            <div class=\"fcjk-left-image-gradient-wrapper-img\">\r\n                <div class=\"overlay-gradient-red-right\"><\/div>\r\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fcjk.me\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Marko_Miljanov.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"img-center\">\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n            <!-- \/.fcjk-left-image-gradient-wrapper-img -->\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <!-- \/.main-wrapper -->\r\n<\/section>\r\n<!-- \/.fcjk-left-image-gradient -->\r\n\n\n    <div class=\"fcjk-padding-medium\"><\/div>\r\n\n\n<section class=\"fcjk-text-columns\">\r\n    <div class=\"main-wrapper\">\r\n                <div class=\"fcjk-text-columns-wrapper text-overflow-hide\">\r\n                                <p>Pjesnik, prozaik, dramati\u010dar i kriti\u010dar Risto Ratkovi\u0107,koji je zapo\u010deo kao nadrealist zbirkom pjesama Mrtve rukavice(1927), autor je poetski i socijalno intoniranoga prvoga modernog crnogorskoga romana Nevidbog (1933). Pjesnik Mirko Banjevi\u0107zbirkom Pobune uma (1930) izra\u017eava pobunu i borbeno raspolo\u017eenje svojega nara\u0161taja, a u poemi Brijest osu\u0111uje velikosrpsku politiku prema Crnoj Gori i Crnogorcima. Pripovijeda\u010d Nikola Lopi\u010di\u0107u zbirci Seljaci (1939) slika socijalnu bijedu na crnogorskom selu, a blizak mu je Du\u0161an \u0110urovi\u0107u zbirci pripovijedaka Me\u0111u br\u0111anima (1936) i romanu Dukljanska zemlja (1939). <\/p>\n                                            <p>Pjesnik i prozaik Radovan Zogovi\u0107u Internaciji Crne Gore (1936) pjeva o okupaciji Crne Gore, u poemi Do\u0161ljaci \u2013 Pjesme Ali Binaka (1937) o socijalnom i nacionalnom ugnjetavanju Albanaca, a u zbirci Plameni golubovi (1937) osu\u0111uje ratni pokolj. Pjesnik Janko \u0110onovi\u0107 objavljuje zbirku \u017divi portreti (1927), gotovo dovr\u0161enu poemu Crnci i Crnogorci (1928) o izrabljivanju i stradanju Crnaca i Crnogoraca u ameri\u010dkim rudnicima, i zbirku Dvije rijeke (1938) zajedno sa srpskim pjesnikom Tanasijem Mladenovi\u0107em. Razdoblje 1941-1945. odlikuje borbeni, propagandno mobilizatorski i narodnooslobodila\u010dki duh.<\/p>\n                                            <span class=\"show-more text-bold color-charcoal\">Pro\u0161iri tekst<\/span>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n        <!-- \/.fcjk-text-columns-wrapper -->        \r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <!-- \/.main-wrapper -->\r\n<\/section>\r\n<!-- \/.fcjk-text-columns -->\n\n    <div class=\"fcjk-padding-medium\"><\/div>\r\n\n\n<section class=\"clipped-img-right\">\r\n    <div class=\"main-wrapper\">\r\n        <div class=\"clipped-img-right-wrapper\">\r\n            <div class=\"clipped-img-right-wrapper-img\">\r\n                                <div class=\"img-wrapper clip-img-left\">\r\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fcjk.me\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Stevan_Kragujevic_Mihajlo_Lalic_knjizevnik.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"img-center\">\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n            <!-- \/.clipped-img-right-wrapper-img -->\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"clipped-img-right-wrapper-content\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"text-wrapper text-overflow-hide\">\r\n                                                            <p>Pisci i dalje stvaraju u tradicijama socijalnog realizma. Najsugestivnije slike surove zbilje II svjetskog rata donose M. Banjevi\u0107 u pjesmama I to je slava i Razgovor kostiju, u poemi Sutjeska (1946), R. Zogovi\u0107 u Pjesmi o biografiji druga Tita, D. Kosti\u0107u partizanskim lirskim pjesmama. Utrtim stazama nastavlja nara\u0161taj pisaca iz \u010detrdesetih: pjesnici Sait Orahovac, Stefan Mitrovi\u0107, Aleksandar Ivanovi\u0107,prozaik i dramati\u010dar Vladimir Miju\u0161kovi\u0107i najva\u017eniji me\u0111u njima, romanopisac i pripovjeda\u010d Mihailo Lali\u0107, koji je u crnogorskoj knji\u017eevnosti XX stolje\u0107a ostvario najve\u0107e umjetni\u010dke domete, osobito u romanima Hajka (1960) i Lelejska gora (1962) i dr. u kojima je vi\u0161eslojnim i vi\u0161ezna\u010dnim vizijama i sintezama dao epopeju rata i revolucije.<\/p>\n                                            <span class=\"show-more text-bold color-charcoal\">Pro\u0161iri tekst<\/span>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                <!-- \/.text-wrapper -->\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n            <!-- \/.clipped-img-right-wrapper-content -->\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <!-- \/.clipped-img-right-wrapper -->\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <!-- \/.main-wrapper -->\r\n<\/section>\r\n<!-- \/.clipped-img-right -->\n\n    <div class=\"fcjk-padding-medium\"><\/div>\r\n\n\n<section class=\"fcjk-img-middle\">\r\n    <div class=\"main-wrapper\">\r\n        <div class=\"fcjk-img-middle-wrapper\">\r\n                        <div class=\"fcjk-img-middle-wrapper-img\">\r\n                <div class=\"img-wrapper\" data-aos=\"fade-up\" data-aos-easing=\"linear\" data-aos-duration=\"1200\">\r\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fcjk.me\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/creative-composition-with-different-books-scaled.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"img-center\">\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                <!-- \/.img-wrapper -->\r\n            <\/div>\r\n                        <!-- \/.fcjk-img-middle-wrapper-img -->\r\n            <section class=\"fcjk-quote\">\r\n                <div class=\"fcjk-quote-wrapper\">\r\n                                        <div\r\n                        class=\"fcjk-quote-wrapper-text text-overflow-hide\">\r\n                        <p> Osim M. Banjevi\u0107a, R. Zogovi\u0107a, J. \u0110onovi\u0107a, D. Kosti\u0107a, Radonje Ve\u0161ovi\u0107a, \u0106amila Sijari\u0107a i \u010ceda Vukovi\u0107a,nakon 1953. djeluju mnogobrojni pisci bilo u tradicionalnome (Janko Vujisi\u0107), bilo u novome duhu: pjesnici Bla\u017eo \u0160\u0107epanovi\u0107, Vitomir Nikoli\u0107, Gojko Janju\u0161evi\u0107, Matija Be\u0107kovi\u0107, Sreten Perovi\u0107, Milo Kralj, Milika Pavlovi\u0107, Dragutin Vujanovi\u0107, Ranko Jovovi\u0107, Branko Banjevi\u0107, Gojko Dap\u010devi\u0107, Ratko Vujo\u0161evi\u0107, Vojislav Vulanovi\u0107, Velimir Milo\u0161evi\u0107, Jevrem Brkovi\u0107, Momir Markovi\u0107, Pavle Popovi\u0107, \u017darko \u0110urovi\u0107, Ivan Cekovi\u0107, Svetozar Radonji\u0107-Ras, Vukman Ota\u0161evi\u0107, Miroslav \u0110urovi\u0107, Dragoljub Jekni\u0107, Darinka Jevri\u0107, Bosiljka Pu\u0161i\u0107, Slobodan Popovi\u0107 tepostmodernisti Mladen Lompar, Marko Ve\u0161ovi\u0107, Novica Tadi\u0107, Ljubomir \u0110urkovi\u0107, Du\u0161ko Novakovi\u0107, Milorad Popovi\u0107 i dr.; prozaici Danilo Ki\u0161, Borislav Peki\u0107, Miodrag Bulatovi\u0107, Mirko Kova\u010d, Sreten Asanovi\u0107, Dragan Nikoli\u0107, Husein Ba\u0161i\u0107, Zuvdija Hod\u017ei\u0107, Niko Jovi\u0107evi\u0107, Branimir \u0160\u0107epanovi\u0107, Bogdan \u0160ekler, Stevan Bulaji\u0107, Miladin \u010culafi\u0107 i dr.; dramski pisci: Marko Kavaja, Veljko Mandi\u0107, Radoslav Rotkovi\u0107, Veljko Radovi\u0107, Vida Ognjenovi\u0107, Ljubomir \u0110urkovi\u0107, Igor Bojovi\u0107 i dr. Knji\u017eevni su kriti\u010dari, esejisti i istori\u010dari Trifun \u0110uki\u0107, Vido Latkovi\u0107, Nikola Bana\u0161evi\u0107, Jevto M. Milovi\u0107, Milorad Stojovi\u0107, Bo\u017eo Mila\u010di\u0107, Bo\u017eidar Pejovi\u0107, Radoslav Rotkovi\u0107, Vojislav P. Nik\u010devi\u0107, Radoje Radojevi\u0107, Danilo Radojevi\u0107, Milorad Nik\u010devi\u0107, Novak Kilibarda, Radomir Ivanovi\u0107, Slobodan Tomovi\u0107, Jovan \u010ca\u0111enovi\u0107, Krsto Pi\u017eurica, \u017divko \u0110urkovi\u0107, Slobodan Vuja\u010di\u0107, Slobodan Kalezi\u0107, Vojislav D. Nik\u010devi\u0107, Rajko Cerovi\u0107, Borislav Jovanovi\u0107i dr. Va\u017eniji knji\u017eevni \u010dasopisi i revije su u periodu od II svjetskog rata do 1990. Stvaranje (od 1946), Susreti (1953-62), Ovdje, Glasnik Odjeljenja umjetnosti CANU, a u novije vrijeme Lingua Montenegrina, Ars, Almanah, Plima, Doclea i dr.<\/p>\n                                                    <span class=\"show-more text-bold color-charcoal\">Pro\u0161iri tekst<\/span>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                    <!-- \/.fcjk-quote-wrapper-text -->\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                <!-- \/.fcjk-quote-wrapper -->\r\n            <\/section>\r\n            <!-- \/.fcjk-quote -->\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <!-- \/.fcjk-img-middle-wrapper -->\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <!-- \/.main-wrapper -->\r\n<\/section>\r\n<!-- \/.fcjk-img-middle -->\n\n    <div class=\"fcjk-padding-large\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2383,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"pages\/page.php","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.4 - 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